Estilos de vida y entornos saludables: Cuestionario FANTÁSTICO, propiedades de medición y fundamentos de estadística descriptiva, para la interpretación de resultados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53287/dbre3993ay94jPalabras clave:
Estilos de vida, Determinantes sociales de la salud, Promoción de la salud, Cuestionario FANTÁSTICO, Propiedades de medición, Estadística descriptiva, Alfabetización en saludResumen
Objetivo: Revisar los estilos de vida desde la Salud Pública, relacionando determinantes sociales, modelos de cambio de conducta, el cuestionario FANTÁSTICO y la estadística descriptiva. Metodología: revisión narrativa crítica con búsqueda orientada en PubMed, Scopus, SciELO y documentos normativos de OMS, OPS, AMM y CIOMS (1984-marzo de 2026). Síntesis: los estilos de vida se entienden como prácticas que no dependen solo de decisiones personales, sino también de las condiciones de vida y de los entornos. Se integran el enfoque de curso de vida, el modelo socioecológico y la carga alostática, aquí entendida como el desgaste del organismo asociado al estrés crónico. Además, se revisan validez, confiabilidad, error de medición, adaptación transcultural e interpretabilidad del FANTÁSTICO, y se explica el papel de la estadística descriptiva para ordenar y presentar resultados sin atribuir causalidad. Conclusiones: el FANTÁSTICO es útil como herramienta formativa y de tamizaje conversacional, pero su uso debe apoyarse en evidencia local sobre sus propiedades de medición y en una lectura contextualizada. La estadística descriptiva es una base pedagógica útil para iniciar al estudiantado en la Medicina Basada en Evidencia y en la ética de la investigación.
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