Evaluación de los alimentos con potencial cariogénico en la dieta de los primeros agricultores que habitaron la Cuenca del Titicaca
Palabras clave:
Caries dental, Alimentos cariógenos, Maíz, Cuenca del Titicaca, Período Formativo, Dental caries, Cariogenic foods, Maize, Titicaca Basin, Formative PeriodResumen
Resumen
El maíz es considerado como el principal alimento cariogénico de los Andes prehispánicos a pesar que esta afirmación puede ser cuestionada en regiones cuya producción y consumo es limitado. Los alimentos con un contenido alto de azúcar y
carbohidratos promueven la caries dental y afectan de manera sistémica los procesos buco-dentales. Considerando que la producción de maíz en la cuenca del Titicaca fue mínima durante el periodo Formativo, los promotores de caries dental
deben estar en alimentos alternativos. En este ensayo se arguye que el consumo de maíz como chicha no se constituye en un factor cariogénico en áreas no productoras de maíz. En cambio, los resultados alcanzados sostienen que tanto la preparación de alimentos como la masticación de hojas de coca, entre otros factores de riesgo, influyen en la incidencia de caries dental. Desde una perspectiva más amplia, la argumentación desarrollada sostiene que el estudio de la caries dental se constituye en una línea de evidencia adicional capaz de contribuir en la reconstrucción de dinámicas sociopolíticas y rituales del pasado.
Abstract
Maize is considered the main cariogenic food of the Pre- Columbian Andes even though this statement can be put into question in regions where maize production and consumption is scarce. Food products containing a high level of sugar and carbohydrates promote dental caries and systemically affect buccal and dental processes. Considering that maize production was minimal in the Titicaca basin, dental caries promoters must be found in alternative food products. This essay argues that maize consumption as chicha did not represent a cariogenic factor where maize cannot be grown.
The results obtained suggest that food preparation and coca chewing promote dental caries. From a broader perspective, the argumentation also supports the idea that dental caries is a new line of evidence that contributes to investigating
sociopolitical and ritual dynamics of the past.
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